In men, the growth of breast tissue that occurs for various reasons is called gynecomastia. Gynecomastia is benign growths in the male breast tissue. It is an aesthetic problem that can affect one or both breasts. While it does not cause serious symptoms and discomfort in men in most cases, it can cause both physical and psychological discomfort in some cases.
Gynecomastia can be prevented carefully against uncontrolled drug consumption, especially by reducing alcohol consumption as the age advances, keeping weight control balanced. Medical history taken from the family and the patient and examination with foresight is an important process in the diagnosis. In addition, health problems underlying gynecomastia can be investigated with blood tests.
Breast swelling in men may not be gynecomastia in all cases.
The main cause of the swelling is also investigated in the doctor’s examination. Gynecomastia diagnosis must be made by experts authorized by the Ministry of Health. Swelling, tenderness and pain in the breasts that occur especially after the age of 50 should definitely be checked by a specialist doctor.
Gynecomastia is a treatable health problem. Gynecomastia re-treatment can be done with a fat removal operation. In addition, in advanced cases, breast tissue is completely removed by mastectomy operation. In advanced cases, breast enlargement, which causes psychological stress and leads to loss of self-confidence, should be treated in men.
Why does gynecomastia occur?
Gynecomastia is a hormonal condition. It occurs with the increase of estrogen known as the female hormone in men. Hormonal imbalance that may cause gynecomastia may be caused by age, weight gain, excess weight, and anti-androgen use. Kidney failure treatment is also a risk factor for gynecomastia. Some drugs and uncontrolled drug use also cause breast growth by affecting the hormonal balance of the body.
Especially after the age of 50, the risk of gynecomastia increases. However, hormonal changes during puberty can cause gynecomastia in male adolescents. Generally, the problem disappears with the completion of development in adolescence. Substance addiction, hyperthyroidism, tumors and malnutrition are the leading health problems that cause gynecomastia.
What are the symptoms of gynecomastia?
The question of what are the symptoms of gynecomastia is a subject that is frequently investigated. Gynecomastia is a problem that manifests itself with noticeable swelling in the breast. Swelling is benign. Gynecomastia may also manifest itself as breast tenderness due to hormone imbalance. In addition, in some cases, there is pain in the breast area. Therefore, swelling, tenderness and pain in the breasts may indicate gynecomastia. Since these symptoms will also be associated with different diseases, the diagnosis should be made by a specialist.
Gynecomastia problem is also noticed in men’s clothing.
There is also a significant swelling under clothing in the breast area. In addition, discharge in the nipples in men is among the symptoms of gynecomastia. A dark and bloody fluid is a sign of disease in the breast tissue. Whether it has anything to do with gynecomastia can only be understood by the doctor. Whether there is a different underlying cause is investigated during the examination.
In some cases, fat deposits in the male breast tissue can also be a false sign of gynecomastia. In false gynecomastia, lubrication occurs on the sides, ends and behind of the breasts. Pseudo gynecomastia is different from gynecomastia, and if the patient is unwell, diet is usually recommended for initial treatment.
Parkinson’s disease is a brain disease that occurs with a lack of dopamine secretion. It is mostly a disease of advanced age and manifests itself as tremors in the body. It is a disease that slows down the movements of the individual and negatively affects their daily life, causing stiffness in the muscles. It causes difficulties in the person’s eating behaviors. Therefore, it significantly reduces the comfort of life.
How is Parkinson’s disease treated?
Since the root of the disease is the lack of dopamine secretion, the symptoms of the disease can often be controlled with medication. In advanced cases where drug therapy is not effective, surgical treatment may be necessary for a definitive solution. Is there a surgical treatment for Parkinson’s disease; The question is often asked. Parkinson’s can be treated with a brain pacemaker.
What is deep brain stimulation?
Deep brain stimulation, also known as brain pacemaker, is an operation that is becoming more common in the medical world. With deep brain stimulation, high-frequency microelectrodes are placed in one of the two regions of the brain, giving electrical stimulation.
Deep brain stimulation or brain pacing aims to significantly reduce the symptoms of the disease in Parkinson’s disease. Brain pacemaker surgery in Parkinson’s does not slow the progression of the disease.
Will deep brain stimulation treat parkinson?
In cases where Parkinson’s disease cannot be treated with medication, surgical intervention is required. In this case, can patients and their relatives be corrected by surgical intervention in Parkinson’s disease? they can ask their questions. Deep brain stimulation regulates the missing signal caused by dopamine deficiency in Parkinson’s patients. It has been found that surgery is a safe and effective method for Parkinson’s patients. It is an important treatment method for patients who are resistant to drugs, who are affected by the side effects of drugs and who cannot use drugs.
How is deep brain stimulation applied in patients with Parkinson’s?
Deep brain stimulation surgery in Parkinson’s patients begins with detailed magnetic resonance imaging in the brain. On the morning of the operation, images of the brain tomography are taken with a special frame placed on the patient’s head, and magnetic resonance images are combined with this image. From this coupling, the target point is determined. The target point has space coordinates in three dimensions. Target points are found by applying local anesthesia to the patient and electrodes are placed. In the next part of the surgery, the patient is taken under general anesthesia and a battery is placed under the skin in the chest area. The surgery is completed by connecting this battery to the electrodes placed in the brain. The procedure time is 5 or 6 hours.
Who gets a Parkinson’s brain pacemaker?
First of all, drug treatment of Parkinson’s disease is prioritized. Drug therapy is effective in patients with Parkinson’s. However, in patients who are resistant to drugs and cannot be corrected with drugs, brain pacemaker can be applied to patients with Parkinson’s disease between 5 and 7 years after the onset of the disease. However, patients should not be diagnosed with a disabling psychiatric disorder for brain pacemaking. Whether the surgical operation is suitable for the patient is decided by the doctor according to the patient’s disease history and general condition.
In patients after Parkinson’s treatment;
Involuntary behaviors such as tremors and spasms due to Parkinson’s disease are significantly reduced,
The slowing down of movements in patients with Parkinson’s is significantly controlled after the brain pacemaker application,
Patients continue to take their medication. In addition, the doses of the drugs are often reduced.
The cornea, which is a transparent and non-vascular structure in the front of the eyes in humans, protects the eye from external factors. It consists of a highly developed neural network. It is also a texture that focuses light. For this reason, deterioration of the transparency in the cornea layer also decreases the quality of vision.
Cornea protects the eye against harmful factors in the body to a great extent. It is also known that the cornea is protective against ultraviolet rays.
Why does corneal transparency deteriorate?
There are a number of factors that are effective in the deterioration of corneal translucency:
Accidents and physical traumas are among the most important factors that disrupt corneal transparency,
It is a factor in the deterioration of the corneal layer in some genetic origin factors,
Infections also play a role in the loss of the transparency of the cornea layer. In addition, the pterygium, where the pink tissue of the eye expands over the cornea, may affect vision in some cases.
What is a cornea transplant? How is a cornea transplant done?
Corneal transplant is an organ transplant. It is considered one of the most successful organ transplants among today’s technological developments. Cornea transplant is also known as eye transplant. It is the healing of traumas that occur in the transparent layer of the eye for various reasons by transferring the healthy corneal tissue of the deceased person to the recipient.
Approximately 6 to 9 mm from the donor’s cornea in a standard corneal transplant. a circular cross section in diameter is taken. The equal piece taken from the cornea of the recipient is removed and the new cornea is stitched with special threads in its place. The donor cornea is sutured to the recipient under a microscope and under general anesthesia. In cases where the patient is of advanced age, local anesthesia can also be preferred. Today’s advanced technologies have made possible the Intralase-Kerotoplasty procedure, which is a corneal transplant with laser. Cornea transplantation with laser almost zeroes the risk of organ rejection.
Cornea surgery is an operation that takes 15-20 minutes under general anesthesia. Since the operation may last together with cataract treatment in some special cases, it may take 1 or 2 hours. Cornea surgery is an application that should be done meticulously in expert hands. It is an intervention that should be done under the supervision of specialist doctors authorized by the Ministry of Health, under hospital conditions, and in a hygienic environment.
Certain features of the cornea to be used in corneal transplantation are essential for the successful operation:
The cornea donor should not have had an eye disease or any eye disease.
The cornea to be taken from the deceased must be healthy.
The deceased should not have microbial or viral diseases.
The deceased person who is a cornea donor should not be in a coma for a long time and the person should not have diseases such as cancer.
Conditions where corneal transplantation is required
Cornea transplantation is one of the most successful organ transplants in today’s world. The question of in which cases cornea transplantation is performed is a subject that is frequently investigated and wondered. The reasons that will require corneal transplantation and diseases that can be performed cornea transplantation are as follows:
Impairment of transparency due to injury or inflammation in the cornea,
The formation of corneal edema, which is characterized by water retention and swelling of the cornea,
Distortion of the shape of the cornea and deformation of the cornea as in keratoconus disease,
Conditions where corneal transparency is lost after cataract surgery,
Kidneys are vital organs that clean the water, acid and wastes in the body and make them urine. It is one of the most important organs of the body and plays a role in balancing blood pressure by removing waste from the blood in the body. Kidney diseases appear in various forms and must be treated.
Diseases that occur in the kidneys can pose a threat to the vital functions of the individual. Kidney diseases;
Diabetes,
Loss of function due to uncontrollable blood pressure,
Kidney stones
Nephrites,
Polycystic kidney,
Lupus and ligament diseases can be seen as.
When kidneys are mentioned, the first health problem that comes to mind is kidney failure. The answer to the questions of what is kidney failure, what causes kidney failure, is often investigated.
What is kidney failure, why does it occur?
The last stage of chronic kidney diseases emerges as kidney failure. Renal failure is the loss of the kidney’s function of filtering harmful substances in the blood, that is, toxins. Loss of kidney function causes toxic load in the body. Therefore, it causes vital problems.
Causes of kidney failure:
Very serious infections,
Miyelom,
Substance and alcohol addiction,
Heavy metal poisoning and toxin loading,
Scleroderma, lupus, hemolytic uremic syndrome, vasculitis, diabetes, some blood diseases
Inflammation of kidney capillaries called glomerulonephritis
What are the types of kidney failure?
Renal failure can be seen in five types. The type of kidney failure caused by insufficient blood flow to the kidneys is often treated by normalizing blood flow. Acute renal failure is of trauma origin. Chronic prerenal renal failure, in which the kidney shrinks due to the lack of blood flow, leads to loss of kidney function. Chronic post-renal renal failure is a type that occurs with prolonged obstruction of the urinary tract.
What is Kidney Transplant?
In cases where the kidneys lose their function, kidney transplantation is possible. Kidney transplantation is the process of implanting a healthy organ in patients with kidney failure. It is a serious operation and is applied with highly developed techniques today. When kidney functions begin to progress below 15 percent in people with chronic kidney disease, treatment comes to the fore. Treatment for kidney failure is dialysis or kidney transplant. Kidney transplantation is more important in increasing the comfort of life of the patient.
Under what conditions is a kidney transplant done?
Kidney transplantation is possible when kidney activities fall below 15 percent. Generally, anyone who does not have an active infection can have a kidney transplant. In the infection, the active infection must first be treated in order for the patient to be ready for transport. In addition, tumors should be treated first in tumors. In cases where hepatitis damages the liver, it is more appropriate for the kidney patient to continue life with dialysis.
Kidney transplantation is an extremely vital and meticulous procedure that must be performed by specialists in a hospital environment under sterile conditions. The operation is carried out in fully equipped operating rooms.
Deciding and applying a kidney transplant before dialysis treatment is considered more appropriate in the medical world. In these cases, if there is a living donor, it is essential that the transfer is made as soon as possible. Tissue compatibility is very important in kidney transplantation. Kidney tissues of the donor and the recipient must match. In addition, blood group compatibility is in question, as the donor blood group must be introduced to the recipient as his own. However, in cases of blood group incompatibility, successful results are obtained in the transplants performed in a highly developed way today.
In a kidney transplant, removal of a kidney from a living donor is a procedure in which the donor returns to normal within a week. The donor lives in a healthy way with a single kidney, and kidney loss does not cause any problems for the donor.
In women, the breast is both an indicator of femininity and an aesthetic structure. It is also defined as milk gland. The fact that the breasts are in a normal size and alive is a situation that is aesthetically desired by women. For this reason, the defects that occur in cases such as age, diseases, frequent weight gain and loss affect women psychologically.
Appearance defects in breasts can cause self-confidence problems in women, as well as large breasts. If the breasts are larger than normal, it is called macromasry. When macromastia is uncomfortable for the person, breast reduction operations can be performed.
Macromastia is when the breast is larger than it is and desired. Very large breasts;
It is an aesthetic problem,
It can cause women to feel ashamed in social situations,
It can cause health problems.
For these reasons, macromastia treatment is among the important areas of plastic surgery. In recent years, rapid developments in the field of aesthetics and innovations in the field have also facilitated macromastia surgeries.
Health problems caused by macromastinum
Macromastia is not just an aesthetic defect. Excessive growths in the breasts bring various problems. Problems caused by maxomastia:
Pain in the neck and back area,
Hunchback of the back,
Diaper rash and mushrooms under the breast,
Cutting the bra straps,
Pain in the arms and shoulders
Macromasti brings along psychological health problems. It can cause a loss of self-confidence in women. Big breasts cause a feeling of shame in people, trying to hide with clothes. This situation also prevents women from participating in social life.
Breast Reduction
The fact that the breasts are larger than desired and normal causes aesthetic concerns. At the same time, maxomasti disrupts the life comfort of women by bringing along various health problems. In these cases, breast reduction operations are performed. Breast reduction, lifting of breasts and it is an operation to make it more aesthetic. Therefore, in addition to ending aesthetic concerns, the disease is also done for health.
Breast Reduction Surgery
Breast reduction surgeries, which are called reduction mammaplasty, are also performed for lifting the sagging breasts as well as reducing the large breasts. Fat tissues are removed during surgery. It is an operation that takes a maximum of 4 hours. Inverted T or lollipop incision methods are used in the surgery. In the incisions, the skin and breast tissue are taken in desired sizes. The patient is dressed and discharged the next day. In addition, a drain is attached before discharge. The stitches are removed as of the second week of the surgery. Care should be taken and rest should be taken within 1 week following the operation. After this period, daily life can be resumed. The patient’s postoperative antibiotic and pain treatment continues for a while.
In breast reduction surgery, the breasts have an aesthetic and symmetrical size. Breast reduction surgery does not cause any harm in breastfeeding women. The scars created by small incisions will disappear within a maximum of 4 months. There is almost no scar after the operation. Exercise should not be done in the first month after the operation. In addition, heavy loads should not be lifted and the operation area should not be forced. Smoking and alcohol use should be very limited.
Medicana hair transplant team anwered what you need to do after hair transplantation.
After a healthy hair transplant procedure, there are DOs and DON’Ts in order to achieve the desired look and donor area to heal more quickly.
Smoking Do not smoke for 7 days after hair transplant
Alcohol Do not consume alcohol for 7 days after your hair transplant.
Blood thinners Avoid the use of blood thinners for 5 days.
Swimming Do not swim in the sea or pool for a month after the procedure.
Sports Do not engage in sports activities for a month after hair transplant.
Sunlight Expose your scalp to direct sunlight other than brief periods of time during the first two weeks. After three days you should make sure you cover your head with a hat.
Sexual Activity Sexual activity is not recommended for 7 days after hair transplantation.
Possible Side Effects
Pain Mild pain may occur for several days after the operation. This pain can be reduced with the medicines prescribed by your doctor.
Swelling Swelling or edema is natural and is expected to occur after surgery. Swelling may include the scalp, forehead, and sometimes the eye area and can be reduced with medication and use of headband.
Itching Itching is completely normal after hair transplantation and it may occur all over your scalp. In order to prevent itching, lotion should be used regularly and washings should be done in a timely manner.
If you have a severe itching, you should consult our Medicana hair transplant team, because you may need to use antihistamine medication.
